Что такое DNS, принцип ее работы и как указать или сменить DNS сервера для домена

Что такое NS сервер

Сервер который содержит всю информацию о соответствии доменных имен в конкретной подсети носит название NS сервер, расшифровывается как Name Server или именной сервер. Рассмотрим пример преобразования доменного имени в IP адрес на основе упрощенной сети.

Как вы видите в этой сети имеется компьютер с доменом alfa с IP адресом 192.55.11.25 и компьютер с доменам beta с IP адресом 192.55.11.26, ну и сам DNS сервер, который так же имеет соответствующий IP адрес. Теперь предположим ситуацию, что компьютеру beta нужно обратиться к компьютеру alfa, но он не знает его IP адреса только доменное имя. Однако он знает IP адрес DNS сервера к которому он и обращается, чтобы узнать IP адрес сервера alfa. NS сервер производит поиск в своей базе данных и найдя тот IP адрес, который соответствует доменному имени alfa передает его компьютеру beta. Компьютер beta получив IP адрес обращается по нему к компьютеру beta.

Как известно все доменные имена имеют свою иерархическую структуру и разбиты на доменные зоны .ru . com и другие. Подробнее смотрите в материале Виды доменов и доменных зон. Так вот в каждой доменной зоне есть свой NS сервер содержащий информацию о IP адресах тех доменов которые входят в определенную доменную зону. Таким образом эта огромная база данных разделена на менее объемные.

How to change DNS settings using Control Panel

To change the current DNS settings through the networking settings on Control Panel, use these steps:

1. Open Control Panel.
2. Click on Network and Internet.
3. Click on Network and Sharing Center.

4. Click the Change adapter settings option in the left pane.

5. Right-click the network interface connected to the internet, and select the Properties option.

6. Select and check the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) option.

7. Click the Properties button.

8. Click the Use the following DNS server addresses option.

9. Type your «preferred» and «alternate» DNS addresses.

   If you’re using Google Public DNS, OpenDNS, or CloudFlare, you can use these settings:

   • Google Public DNS: 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4
   • OpenDNS: 208.67.222.222 and 208.67.220.220
   • Cloudflare: 1.1.1.1 and 1.0.0.1

   Quick tip: If you need to use more than two DNS addresses, you can click the Advanced button, and on the DNS tab, you can add, edit, and remove as many resolvers as you want. You even have an option on the side to set their priority.

10. Click the OK button.

11. Click the Close button.

Once you complete the steps, your device will immediately start using the DNS settings that you specified.

How to change DNS settings using Command Prompt

If you don’t have access to Control Panel, or you’re more comfortable using commands, you can also use Command Prompt to change the DNS settings on Windows 10 with these steps:

1. Open Start.
2. Search for Command Prompt, right-click the top result, and select the Run as administrator option.

3. Type the following command to change the networking settings and press Enter:

4. Type the following command to identify the names of the network adapters and press Enter:

5. Type the following command to set the primary DNS IP address and press Enter:

   In the command, remember to change ADAPTER-NAME with the name of your network adapter you identified on step No. 4, and change X.X.X.X with the IP address of the DNS server that you want to use.

   If you’re using Google Public DNS, OpenDNS, or CloudFlare, you can use these settings:

   • Google Public DNS: 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4
   • OpenDNS: 208.67.222.222 and 208.67.220.220
   • Cloudflare: 1.1.1.1 and 1.0.0.1

6. Type the following command to add an alternative DNS IP address and press Enter:

   In the command, remember to change ADAPTER-NAME with the name of your network adapter you queried on step No. 4, and change X.X.X.X with the secondary address that you want to use.

   Quick tip: If you need to add even more DNS addresses, you can repeat the above step, but increase the number of the index option by 1. For instance, interface

After you complete the steps, Windows 10 will start using the new DNS server addresses to resolve domain names to numeric addresses that your device can understand.

How to change DNS settings using Settings

To change the DNS settings using the Settings app on Windows 10, use these steps:

1. Open Settings.
2. Click on Network & Internet.
3. Click on Ethernet (or Wi-Fi depending on your connection).

4. Select the network connection.

5. Under the «IP settings» section, click the Edit button.

6. Use the «Edit IP settings» drop-down menu and select the Manual option.
7. Turn on the IPv4 toggle switch.

8. Type your «Preferred DNS» and «Alternate DNS» addresses.

   If you’re using Google Public DNS, OpenDNS, or CloudFlare, you can use these settings:

   • Google Public DNS: 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4
   • OpenDNS: 208.67.222.222 and 208.67.220.220
   • Cloudflare: 1.1.1.1 and 1.0.0.1
9. Click the Save button.
10. Restart your computer.

Once you complete the steps, the new DNS settings will take effect, and you should now be able to connect to the internet using the new resolvers.

Although using the Settings app should be the recommended option to change the DNS settings on your computer, we’re listing this option last, because the feature has some design flaws, and it can be confusing for some people. For instance, if you make changes, the new settings will not apply until you restart your computer or renew the TCP/IP lease of your current configuration. Also, using this interface, you can’t add more than two DNS addresses.

Wrapping things up

Alongside the ability to use different resolvers on Windows 10, there plenty other methods that you can use, including modifying the settings on your router or using third-party applications.

Usually, you want to use the instructions mentioned above when you have to customize one or two devices at home, or if you want to use different DNS servers when you’re in a public place.

If you’re using a computer at work, it’s recommended not to use these instructions as the new settings may cause connectivity problems. In the case that you must modify the DNS settings, you should consult your network administrator for assistance.

We’re focusing this guide on Windows 10, but you can at least use the steps to change the DNS settings using Control Panel and Command Prompt on Windows 8.1 and Windows 7.

More Windows 10 resources

For more helpful articles, coverage, and answers to common questions about Windows 10, visit the following resources:

• Windows 10 on Windows Central – All you need to know
• Windows 10 help, tips, and tricks
• Windows 10 forums on Windows Central

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Whats DNS

A Domain Name System is a service (typically available at no cost to you) that allows you to type a friendly domain name in the web browser to load a web page.

Any computer connected to a network (and to the internet) receives an IP address to communicate with other devices. However, these addresses are not easy for us to remember (104.18.189.55), as such DNS provides the mechanism to translate friendly domain names, such as «WindowsCentral.com,» into an IP address that your computer can understand.

Although you can type https://windowscentral.com to get to our site, in the background, the web browser first sends a request to the DNS servers to resolve the website name into an IP address. When the address is found, it returns, and then the browser downloads the contents and shows the page.

Usually, you won’t notice this process, because it happens rather quickly (in milliseconds), but if the resolvers that you’re using aren’t reliable, they’re slowing down your internet, or you want to use faster and more private servers, Windows 10 allows you to change these settings to any services you want to use.

In this Windows 10 guide, we’ll walk you through the steps to change the DNS settings on your device using Control Panel, Command Prompt, and Settings app.